The Basilica

The word Basilica comes from a Greek term meaning “Royal House.” Once Christianity became the primary religion of the Roman Empire the term was used to distinguish large and important churches. Today, a Basilica is special designation give to a church by the pope. There are four Major Basilicas, all within Rome and the Vatican; Saint Peter’s, Saint John Lateran, Saint Paul Outside the Walls, and Saint Mary Major. There are several thousand Minor Basilicas, including the Basilica of Saint Mary, across the world.

There are six criteria a church must meet to be considered for the title of Basilica.
1.) The church has an active pastoral liturgy, meaning the sacraments (especially the Eucharist and Confession) are celebrated regularly throughout the year
2.) The church is of an appropriate size with a sufficiently large sanctuary
3.) The church has an adequate number of priests assigned to celebrate the sacraments
4.) The church has a sufficient number of lay ministers
5.) The church has an adequate schola of sacred music
6.) The church has historical significance in the Diocese in which it is located and in the local community

If a church meets the requirements, they can submit an application to be considered for the designation of Minor Basilica.
A Basilica has a special connection with the Holy See in Rome. That means that a Basilica must celebrate certain liturgical days with particular care and reverence. Catholics may obtain a Plenary Indulgence (under the usual conditions) by visiting a Basilica on Holy Days of Obligation and specific feast days.